COMPUTER ASSEMBLY( NEP)

Program 1. Demonstration of Hardware peripherals: CPU, RAM, SMPS, Motherboard, NIC card, Processor, Processor cooling fan, PCI card, HDD 

->CPU (Central Processing Unit):

The CPU is the brain of the computer and is responsible for executing instructions. Some of the key properties of a CPU are clock speed, number of cores, cache size, and power consumption. Higher clock speeds and more cores generally result in better performance, but also higher power consumption and heat generation.

 

->RAM (Random Access Memory):

RAM is the short-term memory of the computer and is used to store data that the CPU needs to access quickly. Some of the key properties of RAM are capacity, speed, and latency. Higher capacity and speed generally result in better performance, but also higher cost.

 

->SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply):

The SMPS is responsible for converting the AC power from the wall outlet into the DC power needed by the computer. Some of the key properties of an SMPS are wattage, efficiency, and noise level. Higher wattage and efficiency generally result in better performance, but also higher cost.

 

->Motherboard:

The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer and connects all the other components together. Some of the key properties of a motherboard are chipset, form factor, and expansion slots. Different chipsets and form factors support different processors and memory types, while expansion slots allow for additional components such as PCI cards to be added.

 

->NIC card (Network Interface Card):

The NIC card is used to connect the computer to a network. Some of the key properties of a NIC card are speed and connector type. Faster speeds generally result in better network performance, while different connector types (such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi) support different network protocols.

 

->Processor cooling fan:

The processor cooling fan is used to keep the CPU cool and prevent overheating. Some of the key properties of a cooling fan are size, noise level, and airflow. Larger fans generally provide better cooling performance, but may also be louder and consume more power.

 

->PCI card (Peripheral Component Interconnect Card):

A PCI card is a hardware component that can be added to a computer to provide additional functionality, such as extra USB ports or a sound card. Some of the key properties of a PCI card are speed, compatibility, and power consumption. Different PCI card types support different speeds and protocols, and may also require additional power from the computer's power supply.

 

->HDD (Hard Disk Drive):

An HDD is a storage device used to store data on a computer. Some of the key properties of an HDD are capacity, speed, and reliability. Higher capacity generally results in more storage space, while faster speeds result in quicker access times to data. Reliability is important to ensure data is not lost due to hardware failure.

 

->PROCESSOR

A processor, also known as a central processing unit (CPU), is the primary processing unit of a computer. It is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations that are necessary for the computer to function. The processor receives instructions from memory and executes them, performing tasks such as arithmetic operations, logic operations, and data movement.

 

Modern processors have multiple cores, each of which can execute instructions in parallel, increasing the overall processing power of the system. Processors also have a cache memory that stores frequently accessed data, reducing the time it takes to retrieve that data from the main memory

 

These hardware components are critical for the proper functioning of a computer system, and their performance characteristics play an important role in determining the overall performance and reliability of the system

Program 2. Demonstration of various ports: CPU , VGA port, PS/2 (keyboard, mouse) ,USB, LAN, Speaker,

Audio.

->CPU (Central Processing Unit) port:

The CPU port, also known as the processor socket, is where the CPU is installed on the motherboard. The type of CPU port varies depending on the type of processor used, with common examples including LGA (Land Grid Array) and PGA (Pin Grid Array).

 

->VGA (Video Graphics Array) port:

The VGA port is used to connect a monitor to a computer and display visual output. It is a 15-pin port that can transmit analog video signals.

 

->PS/2 (Personal System/2) port:

The PS/2 port is used to connect a keyboard or mouse to a computer. It is a 6-pin mini-DIN port, with the keyboard and mouse each requiring their own port.

 

->USB (Universal Serial Bus) port:

The USB port is used to connect a variety of devices to a computer, including keyboards, mice, printers, cameras, and external storage devices. It is a rectangular port with four or more pins and can transmit both power and data.

->LAN (Local Area Network) port:

The LAN port is used to connect a computer to a local network or the internet. It is an Ethernet port that can transmit data at high speeds.

 

Speaker port:

The speaker port is used to connect external speakers to a computer. It is a 3.5mm jack that can transmit analog audio signals.

 

Audio port:

The audio port is used to connect a variety of audio devices to a computer, including headphones, microphones, and speakers. It is a 3.5mm jack that can transmit both analog and digital audio signals.

 

These ports are essential for connecting various peripherals and devices to a computer and allow for communication and data transfer between the computer and the connected devices.

Program 3. Identify the Computer Name and Hardware Specification (RAM capacity, Processor type, HDD,32 bit/ 64 bit)

 

->To identify the computer name and hardware specification (RAM, capacity, processor type, HDD, 32-bit/64-bit), you can follow these steps:

 

Click on the Start menu in the bottom left corner of your screen.

Right-click on "Computer" or "This PC" and select "Properties".

The computer name will be listed under "Computer name, domain, and workgroup settings".

Under "System", you will find information about the processor type, installed RAM, and whether the system is 32-bit or 64-bit.

Under "Devices and drives", you can find information about the hard drive(s) installed on the system, including their capacity.

Alternatively, you can open the System Information tool by typing "msinfo32" in the search bar of the Start menu. This will provide detailed information about the hardware specification, including the processor model, BIOS version, installed RAM, and storage devices.

 

Keep in mind that the exact steps may vary depending on your operating system and device manufacturer.

Program 4. Identify and Troubleshoot the problems of RAM (beep sound with blue screen), SMPS and

motherboard (CPU is not switched ON)

->Here are some common problems with RAM, SMPS, and motherboard, along with troubleshooting steps:

RAM:

Problem: Beep sound with blue screen

Solution: This could indicate a problem with the RAM module. Try the following steps:

 

Remove the RAM module and reinsert it, making sure it's seated properly.

Try a different RAM module, if available.

Run a memory diagnostic tool, such as Windows Memory Diagnostic or Memtest86, to check for errors in the RAM module.

SMPS:

Problem: CPU is not switched on

Solution: If the CPU is not turning on, it could be due to a problem with the SMPS. Try the following steps:

 

Make sure the SMPS is plugged in and the power cord is connected to a functioning power outlet.

Check the voltage switch on the back of the SMPS, making sure it's set to the correct voltage for your region.

Check the power supply connections to the motherboard and make sure they're secure.

Test the SMPS with a voltage tester or replace it with a known working unit to see if that solves the problem.

Motherboard:

Problem: CPU is not switched on

Solution: If the CPU is not turning on, it could be due to a problem with the motherboard. Try the following steps:

 

Check the power supply connections to the motherboard and make sure they're secure.

Check for any visible damage to the motherboard, such as burn marks or blown capacitors.

Check the CMOS battery and make sure it's seated properly.

Test the motherboard with a diagnostic tool, such as a POST card or motherboard tester, to identify any problems with the hardware.

If the motherboard is damaged, it may need to be replaced.

Program 5. Configure BIOS settings- disable and enable USB and LAN.

->To configure the BIOS settings to enable or disable USB and LAN, follow these steps:

 

->Turn on your computer and access the BIOS settings by pressing the appropriate key during the startup process. The key may vary depending on your computer manufacturer, but it's typically F2, F10, Del, or Esc.

 

->Once you're in the BIOS settings, navigate to the "Advanced" or "Integrated Peripherals" menu using the arrow keys.

 

->Look for the options related to USB and LAN, which may be labeled as "USB Controller", "USB Ports", "LAN Controller", or "Onboard LAN". Use the arrow keys to select the option you want to modify.

 

->To enable the option, select "Enabled" or "On". To disable the option, select "Disabled" or "Off".

 

->Save the changes and exit the BIOS settings by pressing the appropriate key. The key may vary depending on your computer manufacturer, but it's typically F10 or Esc.

 

->Once you've exited the BIOS settings, your computer will restart and the changes will take effect.

 

Note that disabling USB or LAN may affect the functionality of your computer, so be sure to only make changes to the BIOS settings if you know what you're doing and have a specific reason for doing so.

Program 6. Identify, how to recover the hidden files from corrupted pendrive using command. 

->To recover hidden files from a corrupted pendrive using the command prompt, follow these steps:

 

Connect the corrupted pendrive to your computer and open the Command Prompt as an administrator.

 

Type "diskpart" in the Command Prompt and press Enter.

 

Type "list disk" and press Enter. This will display a list of all the disks connected to your computer, including your pendrive. Note the number of your pendrive.

 

Type "select disk X" (replace X with the number of your pendrive) and press Enter.

 

Type "attributes disk clear readonly" and press Enter. This will clear any read-only attributes on your pendrive.

 

Type "exit" and press Enter.

 

Type "chkdsk X: /f" (replace X with the drive letter of your pendrive) and press Enter. This will check and fix any errors on your pendrive.

 

Once the check is complete, type "attrib -h -r -s /s /d X:*" (replace X with the drive letter of your pendrive) and press Enter. This will unhide all files and folders on your pendrive.

 

Check your pendrive to see if your hidden files have been recovered.

 

Note: It is important to create a backup of your data before attempting any data recovery procedures, as some methods may further damage your pendrive and make data recovery impossible.

Program 7. Recover the contents from crashed Hard Disk using Disk Drill software.

->

 Disk Drill is a data recovery software that can be used to recover the contents of a crashed hard disk. Here are the steps to recover data from a crashed hard disk using Disk Drill:

 

Download and install Disk Drill on a working computer.

 

Connect the crashed hard disk to the working computer using an external hard disk enclosure or a USB to SATA/IDE adapter.

 

Launch Disk Drill and select the crashed hard disk from the list of available drives.

 

Click the "Recover" button to start the scanning process.

 

Disk Drill will perform a quick scan to identify recoverable files. If the quick scan does not find the files you need, you can use the "Deep Scan" option to perform a more thorough scan.

 

Once the scanning process is complete, Disk Drill will display a list of recoverable files. You can preview the files to ensure that they are intact.

 

Select the files you want to recover and click the "Recover" button.

 

Choose a location to save the recovered files. It is recommended that you save the files to a different drive than the crashed hard disk to avoid overwriting any data.

 

Wait for the recovery process to complete.

 

Once the recovery process is complete, you can access the recovered files from the location you selected in step 8.

 

Note: It is important to stop using the crashed hard disk as soon as possible to avoid further damage. Also, make sure that the working computer you use for the recovery process has enough free space to save the recovered files.

 

Program8. Install Operating System – Windows family ( Windows 7/ Windows 10) and also make

partitions.

->

Here are the steps to install Windows 7 or Windows 10 and create partitions during the installation process:

 

->Insert the Windows installation media (DVD or USB) into your computer and restart the computer.

 

->Press the appropriate key (usually F2 or Delete) to enter the BIOS setup and set the boot priority to the installation media.

 

->Save the changes and exit the BIOS setup to start the installation process.

 

->Follow the on-screen instructions to select your language, time zone, and keyboard layout.

 

->Click the "Install Now" button to start the installation process.

 

->Enter your product key and click the "Next" button.

 

->Accept the license terms and click the "Next" button.

 

->Choose the type of installation you want (Upgrade or Custom). Select the "Custom" option to install a fresh copy of Windows and create partitions.

 

->Select the hard disk or partition where you want to install Windows and click the "Next" button.

 

->Click the "Drive options (advanced)" link to create partitions.

 

->Select the unallocated space on the hard disk and click the "New" button.

 

->Enter the size of the partition you want to create (in MB) and click the "Apply" button.

 

->Repeat steps 11 and 12 to create additional partitions.

 

->Select the partition where you want to install Windows and click the "Next" button to continue the installation.

 

->Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation process.

 

Once the installation is complete, you can access and manage your partitions using the Disk Management tool in Windows. To access Disk Management, right-click the Start button, select "Disk Management", and click "Create and format hard disk partitions". From here, you can create, delete, and resize partitions as needed.

OUTPUT:

 

Program 9. Install Operating System - Unix family ( Linux/UBUNTU)

->Here are the steps to install Ubuntu Linux:

 

->Download the Ubuntu ISO file from the official website.

 

->Create a bootable USB drive or DVD using the Ubuntu ISO file.

 

->Insert the bootable USB drive or DVD into your computer and restart the computer.

 

->Press the appropriate key (usually F2 or Delete) to enter the BIOS setup and set the boot priority to the USB drive or DVD.

 

->Save the changes and exit the BIOS setup to start the installation process.

 

->Select the language and click the "Install Ubuntu" button.

 

->Select your time zone and click the "Continue" button.

 

->Choose your keyboard layout and click the "Continue" button.

 

->Choose whether to download updates and install third-party software and click the "Continue" button.

 

->Choose the installation type you want (Erase disk and install Ubuntu, Install Ubuntu alongside Windows, or Something else).

 

->If you choose "Erase disk and install Ubuntu", select the disk or partition where you want to install Ubuntu and click the "Install Now" button.

 

->If you choose "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows", select the amount of space you want to allocate to Ubuntu and click the "Install Now" button.

 

->If you choose "Something else", create partitions as needed.

 

->Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation process.

 

Once the installation is complete, you can start using Ubuntu Linux. If you installed Ubuntu alongside Windows, you will see a menu at startup to choose between Ubuntu and Windows. To manage partitions in Ubuntu, you can use the built-in utility called GParted. You can open GParted by searching for it in the Applications menu. From here, you can create, delete, and resize partitions as needed.

OUTPUT:

Program 10.  Install Application software – python 3.8, MS- Office 2010/2013, MySQL, TOAD, Openoffice,

etc.,

->Here are the steps to install Python 3.8, Microsoft Office 2010/2013, and MySQL:

 

->Install Python 3.8:

 

Download the Python 3.8 installer from the official website.

Run the installer and follow the on-screen instructions to install Python 3.8.

Once the installation is complete, you can open the Python interpreter by typing "python" in the command prompt.

->Install Microsoft Office 2010/2013:

 

Insert the Microsoft Office 2010/2013 installation media (DVD or USB) into your computer.

Open the File Explorer and navigate to the installation media.

Double-click the "setup.exe" file to start the installation process.

Follow the on-screen instructions to install Microsoft Office 2010/2013.

Once the installation is complete, you can open any of the Office applications (e.g. Word, Excel, PowerPoint) from the Start menu.

->Install MySQL:

 

Download the MySQL installer from the official website.

Run the installer and select "Custom" installation.

Select the components you want to install (e.g. MySQL Server, MySQL Workbench) and click the "Next" button.

Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation process.

Once the installation is complete, you can open MySQL Workbench to manage your MySQL databases.

Note: Depending on your operating system, the installation process may vary slightly. Be sure to follow the instructions provided with the software for your specific operating system.

OUTPUT:

Program 11. Install any one of the antivirus software (Avast, Kaspersky, etc.,) and observe the variations before and after installation.

Install Avast Free Antivirus

->Click the button below to download the avast free antivirus setup,and save it in a folder

->Right-click the download setup file avasat-free-antivirus_setup_online.exe and select run as adminstrrator from the context menu

->Managing adminstrative accounts on your pc

->If prompted for permisson dialog click yes

->Then click intsall to proceed with default installation or click customize if you need to make changes to the default setup

->wait while set installs avast free antivirus onpc

->when the installation is complete click continue

->click run first scan to start a comprehensive smart scan, which detects virus,malwares bad browser add-ons, and issues on pc after installing some of the features may not work properly so restart it

:If there is no necessary to register it as initial free subscription automatically activates after Installation

Install Kaspersky Antivirus

->Download the kaspersky antivirus installation package from the website

->run the installation

->wait untill the searching for a newer version of the application has been completed or click skip

->read the end user license agreement and click continue if  agree to the terms

->read security statement carefully select the check box agree to the terms

->together with kaspersky internet security, secure connection will be installed to ensure procted connection to teh internet click install

->wait for the installation to complete make sure the recommended settings are enabled and click apply

->click done

Kaspersky Anti-virus will now be installed

->To activate the applicaiton:click

->Click enter activation code

->Enter code after buying license and click activate 

->click done .Anti-virus is now activated

OUTPUT:

Program 12.Add new Hardware device (keyboard, mouse, Speaker, Microphone)

->Here are the steps to add new hardware devices such as a keyboard, mouse, speaker, or microphone:

 

->Connect the hardware device to the appropriate port on your computer. For example, a keyboard and mouse will typically be connected to USB ports, while speakers and microphones may be connected to audio jacks.

 

->Turn on the device and wait for your computer to detect it. Your computer should automatically recognize most devices and install the necessary drivers.

 

->If your computer does not detect the device automatically, you may need to install the drivers manually. Check the manufacturer's website for the latest drivers for your device.

 

->Once the drivers are installed, you can configure the device settings if necessary. For example, you may need to adjust the volume settings for a speaker or microphone, or customize the keyboard or mouse buttons.

 

->To ensure that the device is working properly, test it by using it to perform its intended function. For example, type on the keyboard, move the mouse pointer, play audio through the speakers, or record audio with the microphone.

 

Note: Depending on the device and your operating system, the installation process may vary slightly. Be sure to follow the instructions provided with the device and consult the manufacturer's website or user manual if necessary.

 OUTPUT:

Program13.Connect the LCD Projector with Laptop / CPU

->Here are the steps to connect an LCD projector with a laptop or desktop computer:

 

Make sure the LCD projector and the laptop or desktop computer are turned off.

 

Connect one end of the VGA or HDMI cable to the video output port on the laptop or desktop computer.

 

Connect the other end of the VGA or HDMI cable to the video input port on the LCD projector.

 

Connect the audio cable to the audio output port on the laptop or desktop computer and to the audio input port on the LCD projector.

 

Turn on the LCD projector and select the input source corresponding to the port you connected the cable to (e.g. VGA, HDMI).

 

Turn on the laptop or desktop computer.

 

Press the appropriate function key (e.g. F8, F10, or F12) on the laptop or desktop computer to switch to the external display.

 

Adjust the display settings on the laptop or desktop computer as necessary to match the resolution of the LCD projector.

 

Once the display is working properly, you can project your computer screen onto the LCD projector.

 

Note: Depending on your computer and the LCD projector, the process may vary slightly. Be sure to consult the manufacturer's manual or website for specific instructions for your devices.

Program 14.Adding additional RAM to the system.(expanding RAM size).

->Here are the steps to add additional RAM to a system to expand its RAM size:

 

Turn off the computer and unplug it from the power source.

 

Open the computer case to access the RAM slots. This may involve removing screws or sliding a panel off.

 

Locate the existing RAM modules on the motherboard. Identify an empty RAM slot next to an existing RAM module if possible.

 

Insert the new RAM module into the empty RAM slot at a 45-degree angle.

 

Push down on the RAM module until it clicks into place.

 

Repeat the process with any additional RAM modules if you are installing more than one.

 

Close the computer case and plug in the power cord.

 

Turn on the computer and enter the BIOS settings.

 

In the BIOS settings, check that the RAM has been recognized and that the correct amount is displayed.

 

Save the changes and exit the BIOS settings.

 

Note: It's important to ensure that the new RAM module(s) are compatible with your system and motherboard specifications. Consult your computer or motherboard manufacturer's manual or website to confirm the compatibility and any specific installation instructions.

Program 15.Graphic Card insertion.

->Here are the steps to insert a graphics card into a desktop computer:

 

Turn off the computer and unplug it from the power source.

 

Open the computer case to access the PCIe slot(s) on the motherboard. This may involve removing screws or sliding a panel off.

 

Locate the PCIe slot where the graphics card will be installed. The PCIe slot will usually be near the rear of the motherboard, and may be covered by a small plastic or metal cover.

 

Remove the cover from the PCIe slot by unscrewing any screws or releasing any clips.

 

Carefully insert the graphics card into the PCIe slot, making sure that it is properly aligned with the slot.

 

Apply firm, even pressure to the top of the graphics card until it is fully seated in the PCIe slot.

 

Secure the graphics card in place by screwing it into the PCIe slot cover bracket.

 

Close the computer case and plug in the power cord.

 

Turn on the computer and install the drivers for the new graphics card.

 

Note: It's important to ensure that the new graphics card is compatible with your system and power supply. Check your computer or motherboard manufacturer's manual or website for specific requirements and installation instructions.

 

Program 16.Assemble and Disassemble Desktop System.

->Assembling a desktop computer:

 

Gather all necessary components including the motherboard, processor, memory, power supply, storage devices, graphics card, case, and any additional peripherals.

 

Install the power supply in the designated area at the top or bottom of the case.

 

Install the motherboard onto the case standoffs, making sure it lines up with the I/O shield.

 

Install the processor into the designated socket on the motherboard, following the manufacturer's instructions.

 

Install the memory modules into the designated slots on the motherboard, ensuring they are properly seated.

 

Install the storage devices (e.g. hard drive, solid state drive) in the designated bays within the case.

 

Install any additional components such as a graphics card, sound card, or network card into the designated PCIe slots on the motherboard.

 

Connect the power supply cables to the appropriate components including the motherboard, storage devices, and graphics card.

 

Connect the necessary cables to any additional peripherals such as a monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

 

Close the computer case and turn on the system to ensure it powers on and boots up.

 

Disassembling a desktop computer:

 

Power off the computer and unplug all cables from the back of the system.

 

Open the computer case to access the components inside.

 

Disconnect all power supply cables from the components including the motherboard, storage devices, and graphics card.

 

Remove any additional components such as a graphics card, sound card, or network card from the PCIe slots on the motherboard.

 

Remove the storage devices (e.g. hard drive, solid state drive) from their designated bays within the case.

 

Remove the memory modules from their designated slots on the motherboard.

 

Remove the processor from the designated socket on the motherboard, following the manufacturer's instructions.

 

Remove the motherboard from the case standoffs.

 

Remove the power supply from the designated area at the top or bottom of the case.

 

Once all components have been removed, dispose of any necessary parts according to local regulations.

 

 OUTPUT: